Socrates and Piety essays

Socrates and Piety essays In Platos 5 dialogues Socrates questions Euthyphro during their meeting upon the steps of a courthouse. Socrates learns that Euthyphro is charging his father with the murder of a servant who himself was a murderer, and that Euthyphro believes he is serving the gods through piety. This leads to a conversation in which Socrates questions Euthyphro on the true nature of piety, he asks is something pious because all god-loves things are pious or are they simply pious, and in recognition of piety the gods love them. Euthyphro would argue that what is dear to the gods is pious, what is not is impious(Pg. 8-E) and such things are a part of subjectivism. The value of anything would thus arise from an agents (or gods in this case) belief or opinion about it. In such a belief nothing would have intrinsic value, there would be a dictated value of things. This theory preserves the absolute power of the gods. The latter possibility is one which Socrates is trying to argue too Euthypryo, that piety is recognized by the gods because of objectivism. He makes an analogy using objects and the act of carrying them, saying tell me whether the thing carried is a carried thing because it is being carried, or for some other reason (Pg. 12-B) meaning certain things have objective or intrinsic value and the gods in their infinite wisdom choose them for that reason. The agent does not make the thing have worth. In this ideology it is possible for the powerful to be mistaken, seems to place power over the gods and thus piety becomes a part of moral justice. From this perspective we start focusing on moral truths and morality of our actions, and self-responsibility becomes more important. When examining the question from a social, political, and theological perspective we start to notice how piety and justice play a role in our world, all depending on what side of the argument you agree with. For example, Euthyphros example...

Impacts of Cystic Fibrosis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Impacts of Cystic Fibrosis - Coursework Example The impacts and effects of Cystic Fibrosis at Prenatal Care extend to both the expectant mother and the unborn baby. During the pregnancy, a mother may pass the Cystic Fibrosis gene to the baby. This blockage interferes with the production of insulin thus, results to the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. The secretion of the digestive enzymes from the pancreas is also terminated by CF, leading to a dysfunctional digestive system. This situation causes malnutrition to the mother and the fetus. Shortly after the childbirth, the intestines of the baby may be blocked, a condition known as Meconium ileus (Mayer, 2012). In the occupational considerations, CF can easily lead to incapacitation of an individual. Since CF causes malnutrition by tampering with the digestion, one may not have the required energy to perform his or duties. Such individuals may experience weakness and dizziness. Besides, Cystic Fibrosis results into diabetes mellitus which require regular medical check ups. The bacterial infection of the lungs causes frequent coughing. All these effects may render an individual incapable of doing certain jobs. Furthermore, a CF ill individual is at high risk of injury at work due to the weak nature of the body. To cope with this condition, one requires constant medical advice and food supplements. For the expectant CF mothers, the supplements of folic acid and vitamin A will be of great help. Above all, these patients need to be well educated on their condition and the management.

Primary Motivation for non-managerial employees Literature review

Primary Motivation for non-managerial employees - Literature review Example It is, therefore, very important for the managers to find out the factors that motivate the non-managerial employees of the organization. The reason for this investigation is to find the primary motivation of the non-managerial employees that drives them to meet the business goals of the organization (Verweire and   Berghe, 2004, p.47). Literature Review The review of literature would provide us with deep insights on the primary motivational factors for the non-managerial employees working in the organization. It has been observed over the years that the non-managerial employees are not held responsible for the business outputs and the effectiveness of the decision taken in following certain business models for improving the productivity (Goold and  Luchs, 1996, p.95). ... The Theory X identifies set of non-managerial employees who are lazy and lacks motivation in carrying out their daily work. These employees lack sense of ownership and do not have the self motivation to drive the business processes. They are only concerned with the monetary benefits (Cunningham and  Harney, 2012, p.46). According to the Theory X, the managers often hold the non-managerial employees responsible for not meeting their work targets. The Theory X identifies a work environment where the employees exhibit a laid back attitude and the entire business output depends on the driving force of the managers. The managers blame the employees for not carrying out the assigned work. In order to resolve the issue, the managers under Theory X have often resorted to the optimal compensation package to be offered to the non-managerial employees which includes fixation of appropriate remunerations, offering stock options, bonuses, etc. By getting the desired remuneration for their work, the non-managerial employees have found the required energy and the effort to be put for producing the required output as instructed by their managers (Marr and  Gray, 2012, p.62). The Theory Y as described by McGregor identifies another set of employees. These set of employees form the productive part of the workforce. The managers under the Theory Y have viewed their workforce as self-motivated. These set of employees have taken necessary initiative to follow the instructions of the managers and meet the targets set by the business. The employees and the managers who have followed this theoretical framework have developed a relationship of mutual trust which has worked to the advantage of the

Psychosocial Development Essay Example for Free

Psychosocial Development Essay Psychosocial development is a terminology that was used by Erik Erikson in description of psychological development in relation to the human social environment. Generally, the theory is a personality theory that tries to examine the particular traits that are synonymous with the various stages of psychological development of human beings. Erick Erikson identified eight stages of psychosocial development but I will be focusing on the sixth stage which he called the stage of Intimacy vs.  Isolation. He argued that this stage occurs between ages 19 and 40 which fall under the early adulthood of human beings. According to Erikson, this stage is characterized by exploration of personal relationships (Wagner, 2006). This stage involves the individual facing the task of developing emotional and intimate relationship with others around him. However, Erickson maintained that this becomes impossible if the individual has not carved an identity for himself/herself (Carver Scheir, 2000). At this stage, there is a need to build intimate relationships which will affect the course of the individual’s life. However, Erikson identified that each stage is affected by the previous stage so when individuals fail to build a sense of identity for themselves, they are forced to go into isolation (Stevens, 1983). From my point of view, we have reason to believe some aspects of Erik Eriksson’s view. This is because I fall under this age bracket and I can identify with some of the things that Erikson highlighted in this theory. This stage is the stage when people get married and most people divorce. This is also the time when people decide on who they want to be and what they want to do with their lives. I believe that Erikson’s view on the whole might not be totally true but they surely help us as it identifies some basic things that characterize each stage of development. In conclusion, Erikson’s theory has been criticized by some scholars. One of the things that is leveled against his theory is that it is expensive to conduct such a research (Cole Cole, 1989).

dynamics of groups :: essays research papers

In the beginning, God made an individual - and then he made a pair. The pair formed a group, together they begat others and thus the group grew. Unfortunately, working in a group led to friction, the group disintegrated in conflict and Caian settled in the land of Nod - there has been trouble with groups ever since. When people work in groups, there are two quite separate issues involved. The first is the task and the problems involved in getting the job done. Frequently this is the only issue which the group considers. The second is the process of the group work itself: the mechanisms by which the group acts as a unit and not as a loose rabble. However, without due attention to this process the value of the group can be diminished or even destroyed; yet with a little explicit management of the process, it can enhance the worth of the group to be many times the sum of the worth of its individuals. It is this synergy which makes group work attractive in corporate organization despite the possible problems (and time spent) in group formation. This article examines the group process and how it can best be utilized. The key is that the group should be viewed as an important resource whose maintenance must be managed just like any other resource and that this management should be undertaken by the group itself so that it forms a normal part of the group's activities. What is a Group? A group of people working in the same room, or even on a common project, does not necessarily invoke the group process. If the group is managed in a totally autocratic manner, there may be little opportunity for interaction relating to the work; if there is factioning within the group, the process may never evolve. On the other hand, the group process may be utilized by normally distant individuals working on different projects; for instance, at IEE colloquia. In simple terms, the group process leads to a spirit of cooperation, coordination and commonly understood procedures and mores. If this is present within a group of people, then their performance will be enhanced by their mutual support (both practical and moral). If you think this is a nebulous concept when applied to the world of industry, consider the opposite effect that a self-opinionated, cantankerous loud-mouth would have on your performance and then contrast that to working with a friendly, open, helpful associate.

History of civil rights movement Essay

Civil rights movement can be described as the non violent protests against something that the public feels does not auger well with them. Dierenfield, (2004, pp 23) differentiates civil liberties and civil rights by describing the former as entailing the right of every citizen to receive fair treatment from his government whereas the latter, he says involves citizens gunning for fair treatment from their fellow citizens and local authorities. Therefore, civil rights can also be described as social rights. However, the mammoth effects of the civil rights movement against slavery and the more conspicuous civil movements against racial segregation have taken credit for defining the term. This paper discusses the civil rights movement in the US by tracing its history, the key leaders involved and how their activities influenced the American government of the time. History of civil rights movement Civil rights movement are most famous in the US between 1955 and 1965 where there happened numerous historical accounts led by civil rights leaders protesting against racial segregation in the US more so in the south. The leaders were mainly black who were protesting against mistreatment by their white counterparts who by then treated them as second class citizens. Key activists Martin Luther King This is definitely one of the most renowned African American leaders in fighting for equal rights for African Americans living in the US who were mainly descendants of early slaves. He is most remembered for leading the Montgomery bus boycott among other protests. This Montgomery bus boycott is recorded to have officially started on 1st December 1955. The boycott involved the black American living in that area boycotting using the city buses unless they were allowed to sit anywhere they wanted to sit in the bus instead of the area specifically set out for the blacks. The boycotts were triggered by the arrest of one woman Rosa Park who had defied giving up her sit to a white person in the bus. Having the fronts seats reserved for whites sonly, Rosa Parks defied the order o give up her seat and was subsequently arrested for that. Rosa Parks This is one woman who the US congress came to nickname the â€Å"mother of modern-day civil rights movements† (Boyd, et al 2004, pp 125). As said above, her defiance into giving in to mistreatment in the public transport system triggered the massive boycotts which were to last more than a year until their pleas were heard. Her arrest was even against t the law which she claimed to have observed. A 1900 law on segregation in the buses by race allowed the setting up of specific areas for blacks and whites in the bus but did not give specifications as to force one to vacate his/her seat for another in case there were no more seats. However, custom and culture and mis-configured the law and interpreted it for the benefits of the whites. Park was charged in a court of law and was found guilty but some of her friends bailed her out (Boyd, 2004, pp 125). The same friends who bailed Park out formed an organization by the name Montgomery Improvement Association to spearhead the boycotts and among the leaders was Martin Luther King Jr. Black churches were used in communicating about the boycott which was to last exactly 381 days. The public transport buses stood idle as 75% of the commuters had decide to either walk or used blacks operated taxis (Dierenfield, 2004, pp 23). The bus companies were making losses and thus they had also to join the blacks in calling for the abolition of the law on segregation in order to save their businesses. Leaders of the movement such as Martin Luther King had their homes torched by segregationists and their families threatened. The United States Supreme Court, on13th November 1956 outlawed racial segregation on buses operating within the individual states and cities. The court order was received with a lot of celebration in Montgomery on December 20, 1956, and the bus boycott ended the very next day. King did not stop there. He went ahead and met with President John F Kennedy who was also for equal rights for blacks. Unfortunately, changing the constitution to outlaw segregation by race was not that simple. Other protests were planned to push for what they believed was naturally theirs by the virtue of being a human being and an American citizen. The bus boycott had planted a seed of freedom in blacks. Since the need of the boycott, many cases wee reported where blacks were being accused of disrespecting the segregation laws or the Jim Crow’s laws as they were famously known. Other protest marches were also organized by Martin Luther and other fellow activists. The major ones being the Birmingham March, The freedom rides, The Washington march among many others (Dierenfield, 2004, pp 23). Unfortunately, the man was later to be assassinated due to his civil rights activities. Many of these subsequent marches turned violent with the local authorities and civil segregationists turning violent towards the protesters. One of the most violent march was the Birmingham march which involved children aged from 6 to 18. The local authorities used fie extinguisher hoses to chase the children out of Kelly Ingram Park where they had gathered. Many were injured and over 950 of them arrested. Jails were packed to the brim as more protests and arrests followed. The police had no other wise but to watch in despair as the marches took over the lives of everyone. Business was down and the economy of Birmingham was at a standstill. Finally, the Birmingham community had to give in. They allowed integration in the city’s eating counters and even offer equal employment services to the blacks (Boyd, 2004, pp 125). Medgar Evers This man specifically sought to have equal education rights for the blacks in America. Being a former army man during the Second World War, he felt his denial of entry at University of Mississippi Law School was race based which was not in harmony with his acceptance in the army as a full American citizen. He therefore challenged racial discrimination in education centers. The man also organized massive boycotts against gas stations that could not allow blacks and whites share restrooms (Newman, 2004, pp 164 ) Working under the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Evers had more avenues for airing his views. He therefore also organized campaigns for the blacks to be registered as voters. His attempt to have his friend admitted to the University of Mississippi attracted the intervention of the federal government after he had been denied entry on racial basis. Many interventions were to follow and more and more blacks found their way in to university. The whole process was to change on how blacks felt about themselves and even motivated them to seek integration in other areas and receive fair treatment as equal citizens with their white counterparts. Unfortunately, the man was also to be assassinated 1962 due to his involvement in the civil rights movement. However, his legacy of no violent protests and equal education rights were to be observed and remembered up to now. The culmination of all these deaths, arrests, marches and protests was the passing of the civil rights act of 1964 which outlawed racial segregation in schools, public places and employment which was introduced by President John F. Kennedy. This act was followed by the civil rights act of 1968 which criminalized discrimination in housing which had prior enforcement in the constitution (Newman, 2004, pp 165)

Internalisation of Spanish Fashion Brand Zara - 8711 Words

INTERNATIONALISATION OF SPANISH FASHION BRAND ZARA Carmen Lopez Ying Fan Brunel Business School Brunel University Uxbridge UB8 3PH England +44-1895-267239 Key Words Internationalisation, fashion retailing, market entry, branding, international marketing, Zara 1 INTERNATIONALISATION OF SPANISH FASHION BRAND ZARA ABSTRACT Purpose Research on the internationalisation of retailing has been mainly focused on market entry issues. This paper attempts to examine the internationalisation process from a branding perspective using Spanish fashion retailer Zara as a case. Methodology/Approach An in-depth case approach was adopted based on extensive secondary research, which include literature published in English and Spanish as well as†¦show more content†¦The major trends that are restructuring and characterising the textile and clothing sector are as follows: †¢ The European textile and clothing industry is characterised by fragmented production with a large number of small and medium-sized companies mainly located in Italy, Great Britain, France, Germany and Spain (Nordas, 2004), while distribution channels are highly concentrated (Stengg, 2001). †¢ Increasing internationalisation in the textile and apparel sector and the emergen ce of international competitors (Cervià ±o, 1998). Consolidation of the sector through mergers, acquisitions and strategic alliances (Dunford, 2004). †¢ Sub-contracting or delocalisation of textile and clothing production to countries with lower labour and transportation costs and reduced lead-time (Berkeley and Steuer, 2000). †¢ Re-evaluation of the business models to adapt to the customers ´ changing taste (KPMG, 2005). Fashion companies are becoming more flexible and vertically organised, limited vertical integration being more frequent than complete integration (Samiee, 1995). Adoption of new technology to expand productivity and increase competitiveness (Berkeley and Steuer, 2000). †¢ Democratisation of the fashion sector over the last decades (Mazaira, et al., 2003). Zara has contributed greatly to this shift by offering the latest design at attractive prices. 4 ZARA: THE BACKGROUND